Erich Lexer (May 22, 1867 - 1937) was a German surgeon born in Freiburg im Breisgau.
He studied medicine at the University of Würzburg, and later was a professor of surgery at Albertina University in Königsberg (1905-1910), Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (1910-1919), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (1919-1928) and the university clinic at Munich (1928-1936).
Lexer is remembered for his introduction of surgical techniques concerning plastic and cosmetic surgery. He is credited for his pioneer work involving transblepharoplasty; more popularly known as "forehead lift" surgery. In 1921 he pioneered a technique for mammaplastic surgery that later became popular in the 1950s. Lexer is also credited as the first physician to advocate subcutaneous mastectomy for treatment of fibrocystic breast disease.
Today, the Erich Lexer Clinic for Aesthetic-Plastic Surgery in Freiburg is named in honor of him.